home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Wayzata World Factbook 1994
/
World Factbook - 1994 Edition - Wayzata Technology (1994).iso
/
pc
/
text
/
txtfiles
/
saint_lu.bkg
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-04-17
|
19KB
|
426 lines
#CARD:Saint Lucia:Background Notes
BACKGROUND NOTES: ST LUCIA, APRIL 1993
PUBLISHED BY THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
US DEPARTMENT OF STATE
J
ê(⌠p
APRIL 1993
J
ê(⌠p
Official Name: St. Lucia
J
ê(⌠p
PROFILE
J
ê(⌠p
Geography
Area: 619 sq. km. (238 sq. mi.). Cities: Capital--Castries (pop.
57,000). Other cities--Soufriere, Vieux Fort. Terrain: Mountainous.
Climate: Tropical.
J
ê(⌠p
People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--St. Lucian(s). Population (1992):
151,000. Annual growth rate (1992): 2.2%. Ethnic groups: African
descent 90%, mixed 6%, East Indian 3%, Caucasian .8%. Religions:
Roman Catholic 90%, Church of England 3%, remainder Protestant
sects. Languages: English (official); a French patois is common
throughout the country. Education: Years compulsory--ages 5-15.
Attendance--more than 80% urban, 75% rural. Literacy--82%. Health
(1992): Infant mortality rate--20/1,000. Life expectancy--males 69
yrs., females 74 yrs. Work force: Agriculture--37%. Industry and
commerce--20%. Services--18%.
J
ê(⌠p
Government
Type: Parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within the
Commonwealth. Independence: February 22, 1979. Constitution:
1979.
J
ê(⌠p
Branches: Executive--governor general (representing Queen Elizabeth
II, head of state), prime minister (head of government), cabinet.
Legislative--bicameral parliament. Judicial--district courts, Eastern
Caribbean Supreme Court (high court and court of appeals), Privy
Council.
J
ê(⌠p
Administrative subdivisions: 16 parishes.
J
ê(⌠p
Political parties: United Workers Party (ruling), St. Lucia Labor Party
(official opposition--designated by the number of representatives in
parliament), Progressive Labor Party (opposition). Suffrage: Universal
at 18.
J
ê(⌠p
Flag: Blue with a gold, black, and white triangle in the center.
J
ê(⌠p
Economy
GDP (1991): $402 million. Annual growth rate (1991): 2.3%. Per
capita GNP (1991): $2,660. Average inflation rate (1991): 6%.
J
ê(⌠p
Natural resources: Forests, beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral
springs.
J
ê(⌠p
Agriculture (18% of GNP): Products--bananas, cocoa, coconut, citrus
fruits, livestock.
J
ê(⌠p
Industry (including manufacturing, 10% of GNP): Types--garments,
electronic components, beverages, corrugated boxes.
J
ê(⌠p
Tourism: 8% of GNP.
J
ê(⌠p
Mining: 1.3% of GNP.
J
ê(⌠p
Trade: Exports--$127 million: bananas, other agricultural products,
oils and fats, manufactured goods. Partners--other CARICOM
countries, UK, European Community, US. Imports--$271 million:
food, fuel, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment.
Partners--US, European Community, UK, other CARICOM countries.
J
ê(⌠p
Official exchange rate: Eastern Caribbean $2.7=US$1. (###)
J
ê(⌠p
PEOPLE
St. Lucia's population is primarily African and mixed African-
European, with small Caucasian and East Indian minorities. English is
the official language, although many St. Lucians speak a French patois.
Between 85% and 90% of the people are Roman Catholic, a further
reflection of early French influence on the island. The population of just
over 150,000 is evenly divided between urban and rural areas, although
the capital, Castries, has grown significantly in recent years and
contains over one third of the population. Despite a high emigration
rate, the population is growing rapidly, about 2% per year.
J
ê(⌠p
HISTORY
St. Lucia's first known inhabitants were the Arawaks, believed to have
come from northern South America to settle around 200-400 AD.
Numerous archaeological sites on the island have produced specimens
of the Arawaks' well-developed pottery. Caribs gradually replaced
Arawaks during the period 800-1000.
J
ê(⌠p
Europeans first landed on the island in either 1492 or 1502, during one
of the New World voyages of navigator and cartographer Juan de la
Cosa, who explored the Windward Islands south to the South American
mainland. The Dutch, English, and French all tried to establish trading
outposts on St. Lucia in the 17th century but faced opposition from
hostile Caribs.
J
ê(⌠p
The English, with their headquarters in Barbados, and the French,
centered on Martinique, found St. Lucia even more attractive when the
sugar industry developed in 1765. British influence gradually spread.
English commercial law was introduced in 1827, criminal procedures in
1833, and in 1838, the French language was officially abolished. In
that year, St. Lucia was incorporated into the British Windward Islands
administration, headquartered in Barbados. The system lasted until
1885, when the capital was moved to Grenada.
J
ê(⌠p
St. Lucia's 20th century history has been marked by increasing self-
government. A 1924 constitution gave the island its first form of
representative government, with a minority of elected members provided
for the previously all-nominated legislative council. Universal adult
suffrage was introduced in 1951, and elected members became a
majority of the legislative council. Ministerial government was
introduced in 1956, and in 1958, St. Lucia joined the short-lived West
Indies Federation, a semi-autonomous dependency of the United
Kingdom. When that collapsed in 1962, following Jamaica's
withdrawal, a smaller federation was briefly attempted. After the
second failure, the United Kingdom and the six Windward and Leeward
Islands--Grenada, St. Vincent, Dominica, Antigua, St. Kitts-Nevis-
Anguilla, and St. Lucia--developed a novel form of cooperation called
associated statehood.
J
ê(⌠p
As an associated state of the United Kingdom from 1967 to 1979, St.
Lucia had full responsibility for internal self-government but left its
external affairs and defense responsibilities to the United Kingdom.
This interim arrangement ended on February 22, 1979, when St. Lucia
achieved full independence. Ties to the UK remain, as the nation
recognizes Queen Elizabeth II as titular head of state and is an active
member of the Commonwealth. The island continues to cooperate with
its neighbors through the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the East
Caribbean Common Market (ECCM), and the Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States (OECS).
J
ê(⌠p
GOVERNMENT
St. Lucia is a parliamentary democracy modeled on the British
Westminster system. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of
St. Lucia, represented by the governor general. The governor general
exercises basically ceremonial functions, but residual powers under the
constitution can be used at the governor general's discretion. The actual
power in St. Lucia lies with the prime minister and the cabinet,
representing the majority party in parliament.
J
ê(⌠p
The bicameral parliament consists of a 17-member House of Assembly
elected by universal adult suffrage for 5-year terms and an 11-member
Senate appointed by the governor general (6 on the recommendation of
the leader of the opposition and 2 entirely at the governor general's
discretion). The parliament may be dissolved by the governor general at
any point during its 5-year term, either at the request of the prime
minister, in order to take the nation into early elections, or at the
governor general's own discretion, if the House passes a vote of no
confidence in the government.
J
ê(⌠p
St. Lucia has an independent judiciary composed of district courts and a
high court. Cases may be appealed to the Eastern Caribbean Court of
Appeals and, ultimately, to Elizabeth II's Privy Council.
J
ê(⌠p
The island is divided into 16 parishes and an urban area (the capital,
Castries). Popularly elected local governments in most towns and
villages perform such tasks as regulation of sanitation and markets and
maintenance of cemeteries and secondary roads.
J
ê(⌠p
Principal Government Officials
Head of State--Queen Elizabeth II
Governor General--Stanislaus A. James
Prime Minister--John G. M. Compton
Minister of Foreign Affairs--George Mallet
Ambassador to the UN--Donatus St. Aimee
Ambassador to the US and the OAS--Joseph E. Edwards
J
ê(⌠p
St. Lucia maintains an embassy at 2100 M Street, NW, Suite 309,
Washington, DC 20037 (tel. 202-463-7378).
J
ê(⌠p
POLITICAL CONDITIONS
Politics in St. Lucia is dominated by John Compton and his United
Workers Party (UWP), which has governed the country for all but 3
years since independence. Compton was Premier of St. Lucia from
1964 until independence in February 1979 and remained Prime Minister
until elections later that year. The St. Lucia Labor Party (SLP) won the
first post-independence elections in July 1979, taking 12 of 17 seats in
parliament. A period of turbulence ensued, in which squabbling within
the party led to several changes of prime minister. Pressure from the
private sector and the unions forced the government to resign in 1982.
New elections were then called and were won resoundingly by
Compton's UWP, which took 14 of 17 seats.
J
ê(⌠p
The UWP was elected for a second time on April 16, 1987, but with
only 9 of 17 seats. Seeking to increase his slim margin, Prime Minister
Compton suspended parliament and called new elections on April 30.
This unprecedented snap election, however, gave Compton the same
results as before--the UWP retained 9 seats, the SLP, 8. On April 27,
1992, Prime Minister Compton's government again defeated the SLP,
led by businessman Julian Hunte. In this election, the government
increased its majority in parliament to 11 seats. The UWP has a
reputation for being the more conservative of the two major political
parties, but they are similar ideologically. While past campaigns have
been marked by occasional inter-party name-calling and violence, the
elections themselves are generally considered to be free and fair.
J
ê(⌠p
ECONOMY
The economy has evolved from reliance on sugar to diversification,
including agriculture, industry, and tourism. Agriculture, dominated by
banana cultivation, is characterized by the participation of a large
number of small- and medium-sized enterprises. This sector has been
largely responsible for the extensive socio-economic changes that have
taken place in St. Lucia since the 1960s. Its effects are felt in a number
of sectors, particularly transport, distribution, and construction. Since
over 60% of the foreign exchange earnings are from banana exports to
the United Kingdom, possible loss of this protected market with the
establishment of a single European market in 1992 poses a serious
challenge to St. Lucia's economy. A variety of vegetables are produced
for local consumption, and an attempt is being made to expand
agriculture by encouraging the establishment of tree crops such as
mangos and avocados.
J
ê(⌠p
Manufacturing, a small but robust sector, has been encouraged by
generous regulatory and tax relief, waiver of import duties, provision of
factory shells, and other government incentives. A relatively ambitious
diversification program has stimulated production of paper, metal
products, textiles, beer, furniture, chemicals, and electronic
components. Local manufacturers export mainly to the CARICOM
countries, but a number of US-based firms have plants that export back
to the United States. Improvements in roads, communications, and port
facilities have created a more suitable investment climate for
manufacturing as well as tourism and agriculture. Foreign investors
have also been lured by an educated and skilled work force and
relatively stable political conditions. The largest investment is a
petroleum storage and transshipment terminal built by Hess Oil. A
Caribbean Development Bank-funded (CDB) airport expansion project
is currently underway. A new deepwater harbor has been drawing
transshipment trade away from Barbados. A major manufacturing "free
zone" has been established in Viuex Fort in the south.
J
ê(⌠p
The tourism sector has made significant gains, experiencing a boom
during the last few years despite some unfavorable external factors.
Visitors to the island during the first 11 months of 1991 totaled
276,000, an increase of 23% over the same period in 1990. Not only
has St. Lucia benefited from an expansion of the Caribbean tourist
market as a whole, it has also been able to attract tourists away from
alternative Caribbean destinations. St. Lucia has beautiful beaches and
spectacular mountain scenery. The development of the tourism sector
has been helped, in no small measure, by the government's commitment
to providing a favorable investment environment. Incentives are
available for building and upgrading tourism facilities, there has been
liberal use of public funds to improve the physical infrastructure of the
island, and the government has made efforts to attract cultural and
sporting events and develop historical sites. The Tourism Board hopes
to maintain momentum in the industry through coordinating businesses'
approach to the market, emphasizing quality of service, and undertaking
a publicity campaign to promote hospitality, support for the tourist
industry, and public awareness of the importance of tourism to St.
Lucia's economy.
J
ê(⌠p
St. Lucia is a beneficiary of the US Caribbean Basin Initiative. It is also
a member of the 13-nation Caribbean Economic Community and
Common Market, which has signed a framework agreement with the
United States to promote trade and investment under the Enterprise for
the Americas Initiative.
J
ê(⌠p
FOREIGN RELATIONS
The major thrust of foreign affairs for St. Lucia is economic
development. The government is seeking balanced international
relations with emphasis on mutual economic cooperation and trade and
investment. It seeks to conduct its foreign policy chiefly through its
membership in the OECS. St. Lucia participated in the Grenada rescue
mission, sending members of its special services unit into active duty.
J
ê(⌠p
St. Lucia is a member of the Commonwealth, the Organization of
American States, and the United Nations. It seeks pragmatic solutions
to major international issues. While maintaining good relations with its
traditional friends--the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and
many others--it also maintains diplomatic relations with Third World
countries. St. Lucia has relations with both North and South Korea,
with Cuba, and has been active in eastern Caribbean regional affairs--the
OECS and CARICOM.
J
ê(⌠p
Only two diplomatic missions exist in St. Lucia--the Venezuelan
embassy, headed by a resident ambassador and an office of the
Barbados-based British High Commission. Other countries maintain
representatives in Barbados, Jamaica, Trinidad, or Guyana.
J
ê(⌠p
St. Lucia has no major outstanding disputes with other nations. It has
no army but maintains a special defense unit within its police force and
is training a coast guard. It claims an exclusive economic zone for a
distance of 320 kilometers (200 mi.) from its coasts.
J
ê(⌠p
US-ST. LUCIAN RELATIONS
The United States and St. Lucia enjoy excellent bilateral relations. The
United States supports the St. Lucian Government's efforts to expand
its economic base and improve the lives of its citizens. US assistance in
the past has been channeled primarily through multilateral agencies such
as the CDB and the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development
Institute.
J
ê(⌠p
More recently, the US Agency for International Development (USAID)
has provided bilateral aid for hurricane relief (1981), agricultural
programs, and road construction. USAID is assisting the agricultural
sector through a major land registration and titling project that will help
to establish security of land tenure for local farmers. It also is providing
support to the banana industry. US security assistance programs
provide limited military training to the special services unit and coast
guard. The Peace Corps maintains about 20 volunteers in the country,
working primarily in education, agriculture, and health.
J
ê(⌠p
Principal US Officials
Ambassador--G. Philip Hughes
Deputy Chief of Mission--Tain P. Tompkins
Political/Economic Counselor--Thomas R. Hutson
Consul General--Thomas E. Cairns
Regional Labor Attache--Raymond Brown
Public Affairs Officer (USIS)--Gerald Waters
Director, USAID--Mosina Jordan
Director, Peace Corps--Richard Pyle (resident in St. Lucia)
J
ê(⌠p
The United States maintains no official presence in St. Lucia. The
ambassador and embassy officers are resident in Barbados and
frequently travel to St. Lucia. The US embassy in Barbados is located
in the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Broad Street,
Bridgetown (tel. 809-426-3574). (###)
J
ê(⌠p
J
ê(⌠p
TRAVEL NOTES:
Entry requirements: US citizens visiting St. Lucia must show proof of
citizenship, but a passport is not mandatory. Visitors should have an
onward air or sea ticket.
J
ê(⌠p
Currency: St. Lucia is a member of the Eastern Caribbean (EC)
Currency Authority. Its common currency with its neighboring
Windward and Leeward Islands is the EC dollar, pegged to the US
dollar at EC$2.65=US$1. Barclays Bank and the Canadian Imperial
Bank of Commerce have branch offices at Castries and around the
island.
J
ê(⌠p
Transportation: St. Lucia is served by two airports. Vigie, Near
Castries, is the arrival point for inter-island scheduled aircraft and small
day-charter aircraft. Hewanorra Airport on the south coast near Vieux
Fort has regularly scheduled jet flights from North America and Europe.
J
ê(⌠p
Tourist attractions: Besides its beautiful beaches and attractive yacht
harbors, St. Lucia boasts a safe, inactive volcano that still emits hot
vapors and gases in controlled, constant activity. The "drive-in"
volcano and related sulfur springs are located in southern St. Lucia, near
the town of Souffriere and are framed by the dramatic twin Pitons,
scenic ex-volcanic cones. Points of historic interest include Morne
Fortune--site of a former fortress and Pigeon Island, Admiral Rodney's
headquarters in the French Wars of the late 18th century, and later a US-
leased base during World War II. St. Lucia is a regular port of call for
cruise ships and has many excellent hotels. (###)
J
ê(⌠p
J
ê(⌠p
Published by the United States Department of State -- Bureau of Public
Affairs -- Office of Public Communication -- Washington, DC -- April
1993 -- Editor: Josephine C. Brooks; Managing Editor: Peter Knecht
J
ê(⌠p
Department of State Publication 9234
Background Notes Series -- This material is in the public domain and
may be reprinted without permission; citation of this source is
appreciated.
J
ê(⌠p
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402. (###)
J
ê(⌠p
J
ê(⌠p
J
ê(⌠p
J
ê(⌠p
#ENDCARD